Platina (1421–1481) – humanista, buntownik, dworzanin

Papież Sykstus IV powołuje Bartolomea Palatinę na prefekta Biblioteki Watykańskiej, fresk Melozza da Forlì, Pinacoteca Vaticana

Papież Sykstus IV powołuje Bartolomea Palatinę na prefekta Biblioteki Watykańskiej, fresk Melozza da Forlì, Pinacoteca Vaticana

Jego wizerunek jest dobrze znany – namalował go Melozzo da Forlì na fresku przeznaczonym dla Biblioteki Watykańskiej (Sykstus IV powołuje Bartolomea Platinę na prefekta Biblioteki Watykańskiej). Klęczący przed papieżem Sykstusem IV Platina odbiera dowód nadania mu tytułu prefekta tejże biblioteki, ale nie tylko. Jego palec wskazuje na napis, w którym wychwalane są czyny papieża. Kim więc był ten niezależny humanista, profesor retoryki, który w tym przedstawieniu jawi się jako papieski dworzanin?

Papież Sykstus IV powołuje Bartolomea Palatinę na prefekta Biblioteki Watykańskiej, fresk Melozza da Forlì, Pinacoteca Vaticana
Bartolomeo Platina, fragment fresku Sykstus IV powołuje Bartolomea Platinę na prefekta Biblioteki Watykańskiej, Melozzo da Forlì, Pinacoteca Vaticana
Papież Sykstus IV powołuje Bartolomea Platinę na prefekta Biblioteki Watykańskiej, Melozzo da Forlì, Pinacoteca Vaticana, zdj. Wikipedia

Jego wizerunek jest dobrze znany – namalował go Melozzo da Forlì na fresku przeznaczonym dla Biblioteki Watykańskiej (Sykstus IV powołuje Bartolomea Platinę na prefekta Biblioteki Watykańskiej). Klęczący przed papieżem Sykstusem IV Platina odbiera dowód nadania mu tytułu prefekta tejże biblioteki, ale nie tylko. Jego palec wskazuje na napis, w którym wychwalane są czyny papieża. Kim więc był ten niezależny humanista, profesor retoryki, który w tym przedstawieniu jawi się jako papieski dworzanin?

Swój przydomek otrzymał od miejscowości, w której się urodził – Piadena, która w czasach antycznych nosiła nazwę Platina. Był nauczycielem dzieci Lodovica II Gonzagi w Mantui, zgłębiał tajniki wiedzy we florenckiej Akademii założonej przez Marsilia Ficino, a w 1462 roku wraz z dworem kardynała Francesca Gonzagi przybył do Rzymu. Protegowany przez kardynałów o zainteresowaniach filozoficznych, takich jak Jacopo Ammannati-Piccolomini i Bessarion, zyskał uznanie na ówczesnych rzymskich salonach i zaszczytne (kupione za 100 florenów) dożywotnie stanowisko w kolegium abrewiatorów na dworze papieża Piusa II. Należał też do grona nieoficjalnie powołanej do życia przez Pomponiusza Letusa Akademii Rzymskiej (Accademia Romana), skupiającej entuzjastów kultury antycznej. Jej członkowie byli nią tak zafascynowani, że przyjęli nawet greckie bądź łacińskie przydomki. Z przejęciem rozprawiali o antycznych korzeniach miasta, dążyli do zachowania jego dziedzictwa, a na spotkaniach u Pomponiusza na Kwirynale czytali i interpretowali greckie i łacińskie teksty. Humaniści ci dobrze czuli się w czasach pontyfikatu miłośnika antyku, Piusa II, ale kolejny papież, Paweł II, nie cieszył się już ich uznaniem, zwłaszcza że w ramach reformy postanowił zlikwidować niepotrzebne według niego, a zajmowane przez nich stanowiska w papieskiej kancelarii. W mieście rozpowszechniano przy tym pogłoski, jakoby – podobnie jak dwadzieścia lat wcześniej za pontyfikatu Mikołaja V – miało dojść do próby zabicia papieża i wprowadzenia w miejsce Państwa Kościelnego republiki na wzór tej starorzymskiej. Gdy Platina stanął na czele zwolnionych przez papieża humanistów, hardo domagając się przywrócenia stanowisk i grożąc przy tym Pawłowi II synodem oraz interwencją obcych monarchów, ten nakazał uwięzienie protestujących, w tym również Platiny, i zamknął rzymską Akademię. Wtrącony wespół z innymi intelektualistami do celi w zamku św. Anioła, Platina spędził tam cztery miesiące (1464/1465) i tylko dzięki interwencji kardynałów Gonzagi i Bessariona doszło do jego uwolnienia i pojednania z papieżem. I gdy wszystko wydawało się już dobrze układać, Rzym obiegła ponownie pogłoska o planowanym zamachu na papieża. Popłoch ogarnął nie tylko biskupa Rzymu. Domniemany przywódca spiskowców, Filippo Buonaccorsi, uciekł z miasta i resztę swego życia spędził jako Callimachus (Kallimach) w dalekiej Polsce, ciesząc się uznaniem i zaufaniem tamtejszych elit. Platina ponownie (1468) znalazł się w więzieniu, tym razem pod zarzutem spisku, herezji i homoseksualizmu. Podstawą do sformułowania ostatniego zarzutu był fakt wychwalania przez niego urody pewnego weneckiego młodzieńca. W trakcie długiego procesu inkwizycyjnego nie zdołano jednak dowieść żadnej z win. Mimo to w więzieniu uczony spędził kolejny rok i poddawany był torturom. I ponownie dzięki wstawiennictwu kardynałów wyszedł na wolność, tyle że poturbowany fizycznie, od tej pory już kulejący.   W więzieniu zredagował pierwszą, wydaną w roku 1470, książkę kucharską doby renesansu.



Rok 1471 okazał się dla Platiny przełomowy. Po śmierci Pawła II tron Piotrowy objął – dzięki głosom przychylnych humanistom kardynałów –
Sykstus IV. Papież ten od razu zrehabilitował Platinę, pozwolił też na reaktywację Akademii Rzymskiej, czym zdobył sobie uznanie ówczesnych środowisk intelektualnych. W Platinie zyskał oddanego dworzanina, któremu powierzył kilka znaczących funkcji i zadań. Jednym z nich, bodaj najważniejszym, było spisanie żywotów papieży (Vitae Pontificum). To pierwsze dzieło systematyzujące dzieje papiestwa Platina rozpoczął już w roku 1469, a ukończył dziesięć lat później. Praca poparta była badaniami, ale niewolna od informacji jedynie hipotetycznych. To on podał, że pod imieniem Jana VIII kryje się w rzeczywistości papieżyca Joanna. W kronice tej autor dał też upust niechęci do swego prześladowcy – Pawła II, co na wieki zabarwiło percepcję tego wcale nie tak złego papieża. Przez jeszcze prawie sto lat dzieło to krążyło w obiegu i było szanowaną pozycją zarówno wśród katolików, jak i protestantów, aż w 1580 roku znalazło się na liście ksiąg zakazanych. Platina był też oficjalnym kronikarzem pontyfikatu Sykstusa IV, a w 1475 roku został prefektem na nowo uporządkowanej i udostępnionej publiczności biblioteki (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana). W momencie otwarcia miała ona w swych zbiorach 2527 woluminów, na które składały się teksty religijne w języku greckim i łacińskim, rozprawy teologiczne, jak również prace z zakresu prawa kanonicznego. W powstałym w 1481 roku spisie zbiorów naliczono już 3500 woluminów, co oznaczało, że była to największa naówczas biblioteka w Europie.

W tym czasie Platina stał się osobą powszechnie szanowaną. Zmarł prawdopodobnie w wyniku zarazy w wieku 60 lat i pochowany został w bazylice Santa Maria Maggiore.

 

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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '326' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 326
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '326' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 326
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '326' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 326
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '326' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 326
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '326'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 326
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '326' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 326
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '326'460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 326
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '12' limit 1320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 12
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '1' limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '326'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 326
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5146' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5146
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7199' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7199
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '7200' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 7200
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '326'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 326
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '204' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 204
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '204' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 204
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '204' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 204
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '204' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 204
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '204'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 204
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '204' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 204
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '204'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 204
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '217' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 217
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '217' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 217
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '217' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 217
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '217' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 217
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '217'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 217
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '217' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 217
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '217'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 217
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '311' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 311
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '311' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 311
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '311' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 311
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '311' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 311
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '311'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 311
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '311' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 311
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '311'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 311
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '313' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 313
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')270μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '313' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 313
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '313' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 313
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '313' and `lang` = 'pl'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 313
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '313'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 313
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '313' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 313
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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